Blossom end rot of tomatoes is a calcium deficiency disease. This disease occurs only when there is a lack of calcium. It can also be because the soil is excessively wet or dry. Again this happens whether the soil pH level is low or high. If the temperature is high, the disease spreads quickly. When the soil is deficient in calcium, the fruit is affected before maturity.
Steps to Manage and Prevent Blossom End Rot
- Soil Acidity Management:
In case of acidic soil, 4 kg of lime should be applied per percent to adjust the pH level and ensure adequate calcium availability. - Soil Moisture Conservation:
Covering the soil with mulching materials such as straw helps to conserve soil moisture and prevent fluctuations. - Fertilizer Application:
Apply fertilizers in limited or moderate amounts to avoid excessive nutrient imbalances that may affect calcium uptake. - Immediate Calcium Application:
After discarding infected tomatoes, calcium should be applied to the soil as soon as possible. For this, gypsum can be sprayed by mixing 2 grams per liter of water to provide a quick calcium boost. - Slow-release Calcium Sources:
Eggshell powder, bone powder, or banana peel should be added to the soil. Although these will not work quickly, they should be applied before planting the plants in tubs to provide a steady calcium supply. - Quick-acting Calcium Treatments:
Calcium nitrate should be sprayed on the affected plants. This is available in the market in packets and will work very quickly, giving good results when sprayed on the affected plants. - Epsom Salt and Fertilizer Management:
A moderate amount of Epsom salt can be used if necessary, but excessive urea fertilizer should be avoided as it can exacerbate the problem.
Preventive Measures
- Soil Preparation:
While preparing the soil, mixing it well with other fertilizers such as dalochun, bone powder, gypsum, eggshell powder, tea leaves, and ash can help prevent this problem for at least one growing season. - Crop Rotation:
Do not cultivate tomatoes repeatedly in the same land to avoid nutrient depletion and reduce the risk of disease buildup.
By understanding the causes and implementing these preventive and corrective measures, gardeners can effectively manage and reduce the incidence of blossom end rot, leading to healthier tomato plants and a more bountiful harvest.