Capsicum, also known as sweet pepper, is a popular and nutritious vegetable rich in vitamins A and C. Cultivating capsicum can be a rewarding endeavor, offering health benefits and culinary versatility. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to grow capsicum effectively:
Cultivation Time:
The optimal time to sow capsicum seeds is from October to November. However, in some regions, farmers are experimenting with year-round cultivation. Capsicum thrives in temperatures ranging from 16°C to 25°C, with a preference for a dry environment. Night temperatures should ideally be between 16°C to 21°C to ensure proper growth and yield.
Varieties:
Common varieties cultivated in our country include California Wonder, Tender Bell (F1), and Yolow Wonder. While traditionally, seeds are imported annually, there is potential for local production, especially of California Wonder seeds.
Cultivation Method:
Capsicum seeds can be obtained from store-bought capsicums or purchased from the market. If collecting seeds from capsicums, ensure they are mature. Plant the seeds in pots filled with soil, ensuring a depth of at least 10 to 12 inches. Regular watering is essential to maintain soil moisture until germination, which typically occurs within a few weeks.
Alternatively, seeds can be germinated in seed beds by soaking them in water for 12 hours before sowing. Once sprouted, seedlings should be transplanted into poly bags containing a mixture of soil, compost, and sand.
Care and Maintenance:
Capsicum plants require moderate sunlight for optimal growth. Ensure that the soil is well-drained, especially if planting in containers. Water newly-planted seedlings thoroughly, and avoid exposing them to strong sunlight initially. If planting directly in the ground, ensure proper irrigation, as capsicums are intolerant to both drought and waterlogging.
Pest and Disease Control:
Capsicum plants are susceptible to various pests and diseases, including thrips, spider mites, anthracnose, and blight. To combat these, use a non-toxic solution made from soap powder and neem oil, sprayed weekly. Proper weed control is also essential to prevent pest infestations.
Fertilizer Use:
Organic fertilizers such as vegetable and fruit peels can be applied to improve soil quality and provide essential nutrients. For land cultivation, a mixture of cow dung, urea, TSP, MOP, gypsum, and zinc oxide should be applied during planting and in subsequent stages after transplanting.
Harvesting:
Capsicums can be harvested at the mature green stage before turning red. Fruits should be collected once a week, leaving a small amount of seeds on each fruit for future cultivation. Avoid harvesting fruits from newly-developed plants to strengthen them, and store harvested fruits in a cool, shaded place until ready for marketing.
By following these guidelines, you can successfully grow capsicum and enjoy a bountiful harvest of this nutritious and versatile vegetable.